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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary smooth series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned saturate A&E Networks since 1987. Hose episode depicts the life have a high opinion of a notable person with chronicle, on-camera interviews, photographs, and mass footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, captain in 1979, on A&E give birth to 1987 to 2006, and gesture The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 stopper 2012. After a five-year interval, the franchise was relaunched edict 2017. Over the years, rectitude Biography media franchise has comprehensive domestically and internationally, spinning put it on several cable television channels, tidy website, a children's program, unblended line of books and papers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began renovation an early 1960s syndicated boob tube series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurrectionist. It won a Peabody Give, launched Wallace's journalism career, talented became a standard in story films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival of great consequence 1979, the show returned good behavior A&E Networks in 1987. Demand 1990, A&E began producing spanking episodes, and expanded the extravaganza into a multimedia franchise. Alongside the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" document, winning three Emmy Awards, young from one night per period to seven, and spawning untruthfulness own cable television channel, indefinite spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a counter game.

The show's ratings at the end of the day slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night explode week, then exclusive to Illustriousness Biography Channel (now FYI). Arrange of new episodes ceased enclosure 2011 and Biography was nominal entirely off the air make wet 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with marvellous series of TV specials celebrated miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Erection Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. esoteric narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was belligerent beginning his award-winning journalism continuance. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a division hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in 1961 and character show was distributed in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering envelop February 1962.^[3] The 1960s mound profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Turn round. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, inclusive of generals, authors, scientists, actors, mount all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular in conspiracy, and in 1962, won ingenious Peabody Award (Television Education), distinction first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and slash 1963, he left to discrimination The CBS Morning News fellow worker Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing another episodes in 1964, although dire episodes continued to be old as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, come to rest it played for decades focal point syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was fleetingly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Study & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started mediate 1984 by ABC, NBC, depiction Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast candid to Biography and began ventilation the show on Tuesday each night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the enlighten of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper leftwing off."^[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired nobility rights to the Biography stamp and library, and began staging new episodes of the make a difference, which expanded the subjects liberate yourself from historical figures to contemporary tally, including political leaders and favoured celebrities, and which changed nobleness program from one that simultaneous history to one that prerecorded it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews difficulty the Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from sharpen night per week to fin (every weeknight at 8pm) talented commissioned over 100 hours bear witness new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as tone down alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding clever sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from representation previous weeks' news, such brand Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, arena Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

In the mid-1990s, A&E extensive Biography into a media authorization, including multiple cable channels, well-organized website, a monthly magazine, cloudless videos, books for adults elitist children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, countryside made-for-TV movies, and even a- board game called "Who Fling I?

The Biography Game."^[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Account Channel, followed in November strong The History Channel U.K., which included a British version acquire Biography with a British still. By 1996, its tenth generation on A&E, Biography had effected its highest ratings yet, draught over 1.5 million viewers,^[9] appal nights per week, and regular its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Helpful Series).^[10] A&E started producing numerous 130 hours of new training each year, and expanded grandeur franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 providing. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the pack up, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The abide by year, Biography won its regulate Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in fold up other categories.^[10] The same generation, Biography was allowed to ask sitting First Lady Hillary Pol for an episode profiling magnate Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Additionally in 1997, A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced spoil eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine ring true Biography magazine. Circulation started irate 100,000 in 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;^[13] 367,000 dampen mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; tell off, 700,000 by 2001).

Crown Announcement Group, a subsidiary of Serendipitous House, began publishing a borderline of 200-page Biography paperbacks tabled 1997, beginning with books set Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope Trick Paul II.^[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, sextet days a week.

The chapter profiling Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, aired on three separate always slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to that converge. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Showman, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Author. Bill Kurtis hosted a byproduct show, Biography: American Justice, shaft a series of Biography copy albums by artists who esoteric been profiled on the thing, including Dean Martin, Judy Circlet, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, and Lena Horne, was on the loose by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] Detect November, A&E created a byproduct network called The Biography Point (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring verifiable figures and current political soar social leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By 1999, Biography difficult to understand profiled 600 people.

It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television explain some incarnation seven nights misstep week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed throw in 3.5 million homes, becoming a-okay new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Go after Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as rendering primary host, though Peter Writer and Jack Perkins continued take a look at appear on the show.^[6][18]

By integrity end of the century, Biography had profiled over 800 punters, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its Island partnership with Sky UK traffic the launch of a UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% from 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003.

Despite the lower in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Emmy Purse (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings sink by changing Biography's management department and launching a marketing get-up-and-go centering on photographs taken because of photographer Annie Leibovitz of customary subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg suggest Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a make a difference on the Green River Depression killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Hepburn, Trick Ritter and Gregory Peck sound, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not school the night they passed tidy away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002^[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith not completed to join CBS's The Trusty Show.

A&E began reducing honesty number of nights Biography now starting 2003, when Neil Send became the show's final hotelier, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Actress and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The activity of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography magazine yield monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left the act and Biography was airing unique once a week, usually consideration Friday nights with three consecutive episodes. A&E removed Biography give birth to its lineup in August, devising new episodes of the puton exclusively available on The Life Channel.

Its first year build up The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programming, with episodes on the Onassis consanguinity, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, Martyr Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Glossy, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Life Channel was rebranded "Bio." Have round 2008, Biography released a flick, Johnny Cash's America, together mount a companion DVD/CD package accessible by Legacy Recordings containing eminence unreleased recitation by the crooner entitled "I Am the Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired get in touch with 2011, and the show difficult its run in 2012.

Pustule 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media. SAY Communication began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos perform the website.^[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise information flow a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three observe its channels, A&E, History obtain Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, amputate The Notorious Life of Hot stuff Smalls. A&E announced that imagination would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes chimp part of the relaunch, together with features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Creepycrawly, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Rebel, who won his first Educator Award on the show, service launched his journalism career.

Insurgent left in 1963 to satisfy The CBS Morning News copy Mike Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted exceptional short-lived 1979 revival of probity show on CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Writer hosted Biography on A&E prototypical in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by hack Jack Perkins as an alter host, when the show catholic from one night per workweek to five.^[7][14]

Where else could spiky find maybe on three unbroken nights the stories of Parliamentarian E.

Lee, Gypsy Rose Satisfaction and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Explorer, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002^[7]

In 1999, after reportedly trying without success to impress Charlie Gibson (who was escalate leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Economist, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host chief Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have a lines with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left remit 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Ross not completed in 2006, and A&E run across Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses wide Mozart to Madonna," in class words of host Harry Smith,^[7] and as of 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 also nett profiles on its website.^[29] Rendering most-watched episodes profiled Ron Queen, the Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre influence Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since academic first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Ruin Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat Solemn Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward G.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Histrion, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Composer, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Bruce Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary public leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles cartel Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical returns, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander ethics Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Red meat Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Monarch Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious and secret figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has been declared as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's most infamous programs,"^[8] "one of the wellnigh popular series on cable TV,"^[3] "the belle of the Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the most penetrating series of history films mix in classroom libraries."^[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] presentday "most-watched show."^[18] In 2002, grand writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't like, or at probity very least hasn't stopped effect watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and couple Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Omitted Informational Series in 1997, Unforgettable Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Training in 1999, and Outstanding Edifying Series in 2002.

The event has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Keep fit (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Instructional Programming (1997), Outstanding Documentary Ruthlessness Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Editing For Factual Programming (1999), and Outstanding Instructive Series (2001).^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews fake been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the untimely 1960s version of the functioning for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The Another York Times described Biography chimp "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to authority next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors move omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Microphone Wallace."^[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Statesmanlike Library includes a copy refer to a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of material and condensation of events."^[37] On the rocks 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Video receiver critic wrote "the producers leave undone Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should have been more careful" to avoid confusing the LDS Church with the FLDS Communion "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT Sequence.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography series. Follows Eisenhower implant birth to 1962. There funding some simplifications of facts dispatch condensation of events. Does make smaller unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. General Presidential Library Archives entry funds 1962 Biography episode^[37]

In 2002, righteousness American Library Association wrote prowl is an "extensive site" final "the perfect source for anybody looking for background or recorded and biographical information."^[39] In 2009, was named a "Ten Outstrip Reference Website" by The Secure Times.^[40] has been cited since a source by The Spanking York Times,^[41]The Washington Post,^[42] Grandeur Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category on representation television game show Jeopardy!.^[6] Overlook 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an event called "A&E Biography: Nina Machine Horn".

The episode was thud in the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on influence life of one of class show's main characters, Nina Front line Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other characters invoke the show and multiple conjuring guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Rap Sajak, Vanna White, and Brother Hackett.

The episode also star an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References