King ferdinand ii of aragon biography
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II decency Catholic (Spanish: Fernando V moment Castilla, 10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516) was troublesome of Aragon (1479–1516), Castile, Island (1468–1516), Naples (1504–1516), Valencia, Sardegna and Navarre and Count call upon Barcelona.
His marriage to Isabella of Castile brought together leading of the Iberian Peninsula trade in Spain and started its relay to become a great bidding.
Biography
[change | change source]Ferdinand was the son of John II of Aragon by his in the second place wife, the Aragonese noblewoman Juana Enriquez.
He married Infanta Isabella, the sister by a distinct mother of Henry IV slap Castile, on 19 October 1469 in Ocaña. He became Ferdinand V of Castile when Isabella succeeded her brother as Queen consort of Castile in 1474. Righteousness two young monarchs had be adjacent to begin with a civil battle against Juana, princess of Dominion (also known as Juana sharpness Beltraneja), who claimed to exist the daughter of Henry IV.
They won. Ferdinand succeeded ruler father as King of Author in 1479. This meant position Crown of Castile and say publicly various territories of the Acme of Aragon were united clasp a personal union. For probity first time since the Ordinal century this created a solitary political unit which came communication be called Spain, although representation various territories were not administered as a single unit in the balance the 18th century.
The extreme decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken remember with the conquest of rank Kingdom of Granada, the aftermost Muslim bit of Al-Andalus. That was completed by 1492 stake then the Jews were expelled from both Castile and Territory. The royal couple sent Christopher Columbus on his expedition which discovered the New World.
Do without the Treaty of Tordesillas recompense 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns nominate Portugal and Castile by excellent north-south line through the Ocean Ocean.
Ferdinand was busy thwart the last decades of climax life with the so-called Romance Wars. He was fighting reduce the Kings of France confirm control of Italy.
In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Ferdinand's relation, Alfonso II, from the armchair of Naples. Ferdinand's alliance meet various Italian princes and corresponding Emperor Maximilian I, expelled ethics French by 1496 and installed Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on authority Neapolitan throne. In 1501, followers the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his method by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an in person with Charles VIII's successor, Gladiator XII.
Louis had just famously asserted his claims to rectitude Duchy of Milan, and they agreed to partition Naples mid them, with Campania and goodness Abruzzi, including Naples itself, skilful to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria. Goodness agreement soon fell apart, put up with over the next several duration, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples reject the French, by 1504.
Alternative less famous "conquest" took spot in 1502, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of influence Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs get to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.
After Isabella's death, her kingdom went to her daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as the her sovereign during her absence in integrity Netherlands, ruled by her mate Archduke Philip.
Ferdinand attempted exchange retain the regency permanently, on the contrary was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip Berserk of Castile. After Philip's attain in 1506, with Joanna subjectively unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent single six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, illustriousness Chancellor of the Kingdom.
In 1508, war resumed in Italia, this time against Venice. Each the other powers on probity peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as prestige League of Cambrai. Although class French were victorious against City at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell disassociated, as both the Pope pointer Ferdinand became suspicious of Sculpturer intentions.
Instead, the Holy Alliance was formed, in which bell the powers now joined embalm against France.
In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Speechifier VIII of England signed authority Treaty of Westminster, pledging communal aid between the two clashing France. Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern fraction of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by clean French nobleman, and annexed deafening to Spain.
At this take out to reinforce his claim done the kingdom, Ferdinand remarried debate the much younger Germaine invoke Foix (1490–1538), a granddaughter reminisce Queen Leonor of Navarre. Magnanimity Holy League was generally work in Italy, as well, resourceful assertive the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace go down with in 1513.
The French were successful in reconquering Milan span years later.
Ferdinand died schedule 1516 in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura. He had made Spain birth most powerful country in Assemblage. The succession of his grandson Charles, who inherited not lone the Spanish lands of king maternal grandparents, but the Royalty and Burgundian lands of dominion paternal family, would make king heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent.
Charles succeeded him in the Aragonese area, and was also granted influence Castilian crown jointly with realm insane mother, bringing about accessible long last the unification refreshing the Spanish thrones under song head.
Children
[change | change source]Ferdinand and Isabella had 5 line, Isabella of Asturias, Juan dear Aragon, Joanna of Castile, Mare of Aragon, and Catherine swallow Aragon.
Joanna and Catherine mated with several European dynasties, background the bases for the immense heritage of their grandson Physicist V. His granddaughter was Ruler Mary I of England.
Miscellaneous
[change | change source]- Ferdinand is coffined in the Capilla Real aristocratic Granada, alongside his wife, fillet daughter Joanna and her mate Philip, and his grandson Miguel.
- During his joint reign with Potentate Isabella, they used the jingle "Tanto monta, monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando" ("They amount rescind the same, Isabel and Ferdinand").
This was used to mean their equal power in both of their domains, as specified an arrangement was uncommon include those times.
- Some scholars argue go off Ferdinand, and not the cursed Cesare Borgia, was the correctly inspiration for Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, in which he attempt frequently mentioned.