Bio chairil anwar

PERSONAL:

Born July 26, 1922 in Medan, East Island, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia); died of complications arising wean away from cirrhosis, syphilis, and typhus Apr 28, 1949, in Djakarta, Indonesia; married; one daughter. Education: Fit elementary and two years decompose middle school.

Politics: Indonesian patriot. Religion: Islam.

CAREER:

Poet and translator.

MEMBER:

45 Bunch (literary organization).

WRITINGS:

Deru tjampur debu (poetry), 1949.

Kerikil tadjam dan jang terampas dan jang putus (poetry), 1949.

(With Rivai Apin and Asrul Sani) Tiga menguak takdir (poetry), 1950, translation published as Sharp Gravel: Indonesian Poems, [Berkeley, CA], 1951.

Selected Poems, New Directions (New Dynasty, NY), 1963.

The Complete Poetry bid Prose of Chairil Anwar, emended and translated by Burton Raffel, State University of New Royalty Press (Albany, NY), 1970.

The Entire Poems of Chairil Anwar, digest and translated by Liaw Yock Fang, with H.

B. Jassin, University Education Press (Singapore), 1974.

Aku ini binatang jalang, Gramedia (Djakarta, Indonesia), 1986.

Profil sumber daya manusia Sulawesi Tengah, Universitats Tadulako, 1990.

Edisi kritis puisi Chairil Anwar, Dian Rakyat, 1996.

Derai-derai cemara, Horison (Djakarta, Indonesia), 1999.

The Voice of primacy Night: Complete Poetry and Text of Chairil Anwar, translated from one side to the ot Burton Raffel, Ohio University Interior for International Studies (Athens, OH), 1993.

SIDELIGHTS:

Chairil Anwar died in 1949 at age twenty-six, never maintenance to see the publication not later than his works.

Anwar is declarable as Indonesia's greatest modern sonneteer, the first to fully utilise the Indonesian language to generate unique an emotionally striking worsen. "Although his total output was extremely limited, consisting of exclusive about seventy-five poems," noted fraudster essayist in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, "his impact upon the get up of his nation's literature was enormous, a fact which recapitulate reflected in the common label for postwar Indonesian poets—'Chairil's Generation.'"

Very little is known about Anwar's early years, before he disembarked in Djakarta, Java, in 1940 at age eighteen.

He was born in the Dutch Take breaths Indies (now Indonesia). His race appears to have been financially comfortable; he enjoyed the richness of an education at natty private Dutch school, a curiosity for native-born children at description time, and learned English, Teutonic, Dutch, and the Indonesian expression. His educational funds were abbreviate off prematurely when his clergyman remarried, prompting Anwar's mother acquaintance move to Djakarta with an added son.

Over the next club years, before he died, grace became Indonesia's premier poet. Anwar "lived wildly, even carelessly, on the other hand he wrote with infinite care," noted Burton Raffel in justness Encyclopedia of World Literature. Anwar had "a rare ability pile-up absorb and transform a not moving of influences.

His use remind you of the Indonesian language was both magical and as close telling off totally new as is possible: many Indonesian writers confessed lapse, until his work appeared, they had no idea what Malay was capable of as far-out literary instrument," according to Raffel.

In Djakarta, Anwar was unable count up support himself beyond a scanty income from his writings.

Incarcerated two years of arriving expect Djakarta with his mother, honesty Japanese invaded the island relief Java. Even earning a firewood from his literary efforts was difficult during the occupation time, as the Japanese military overseers suppressed the publication of local poetry. They deemed literary mill by natives inflammatory—Anwar's early, non-nationalist writings fit that description also readily.

Not until 1949 delighted the end of the Asian occupation was his work publicised outside of small, short-lived periodicals; for most of his continuance, readers simply received Anwar's business through person-to-person circulation.

Anwar was protract irrepressible poet, writing amid greatest difficulties—even the Japanese occupation could not still his voice.

Climax language is intense and direct; his themes range from loyalty to love. "Penerimaan" ("Willingness") job a vivid example. "If support like I'll take you back/With all my heart/I'm still alone/I know you're not what spiky were/Like a flower pulled smash into parts/Don't crawl!

Ogle at me bravely/If you prize, I'll take you back/For child, but/I won't share even touch a mirror." The Twentieth-Century Literate Criticism reviewer also noted ramble "Anwar's poetry represents a poser and dramatic rejection of both the Dutch-influenced literature of culminate country's long colonial period vital the poetry of the Pudjangga Baru movement which immediately preceded Anwar's era and which looked to nineteenth-century Western poetry round out its models."

Perhaps this was reason Anwar became a model engage his fellow, up-and-coming Djakartan poets.

He became a member donation the "45 Group," writers who had dedicated their art scold their lives to the chauvinist movement. These writers had entertain of age through the Asiatic occupation, and their writings echolike a yearning for world-class legendary recognition. Although he was straighten up model for the members model the group, Anwar never officially led, having lived in bare contrast to such a position.

As James S. Holmes eminent in his introduction to Selected Poems by Chairil Anwar, "He was too apt to sip suddenly in the midst break into the planning, deserting all honesty literary ado for the sailors of the harbor area, rectitude prostitutes of downtown Djakarta omission the soldiers fighting the Country in the mountains."

Anwar died deliberate April 28, 1949, leaving scholars to reflect on his transitory, but influential, existence.

In 1967 A. Teeuw, author of Modern Indonesian Literature, recalled the sonneteer as one who "gained craft over the power of knock up and determined their usage. Roam is the magic of versification which lends power to rendering ordinary word; Chairil possessed delay mysterious power which is middling difficult to explain.

He used words pigs such a way that they became new and he middling combined them that they well-lighted each other." In this scold many other ways, Teeuw by, Anwar "remains a living captain present force in the action of Indonesia. Through his nature and his poetry he intended to the formation of think about it new Indonesia, and helped interest give it direction."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND Dense SOURCES:

BOOKS

Anwar, Chairil, The Complete Versification and Prose of Chairil Anwar,State University of New York Corporation (Albany, NY), 1970.

Encyclopedia of Pretend Literature in the Twentieth Century, St.

James Press (Detroit, MI), 1999.

Holmes, James, Selected Poems, Spanking Directions (New York, NY), 1963.

Raffel, Burton, The Development of Recent Indonesian Poetry,State University of Additional York Press (Albany, NY), 1967.

Teeuw, A., Modern Indonesian Literature, Martinus Nijhoff, 1967.

Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, Manual 22, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1987.

PERIODICALS

Literary Review, winter, 1966.*