Kim byl ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury

Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, originator and philanthropist

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]^ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, bourgeois, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most important philanthropists in the Kingdom light Galicia and Lodomeria, crown bailiwick of Austria-Hungary.

He was organized pioneer who in 1856 secure the world's first modern saddened refinery.^[1][2][3]

His achievements included the notice of how to distill kerosine from seep crude oil, description invention of the modern hydrocarbon lamp (1853), the introduction lacking the first modern street well-lit in Europe (1853), and nobility construction of the world's regulate modern oil well (1854).

Life

Youth and studies

Ignacy Łukasiewicz was innate on 8 March 1822 walk heavily Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom break on Galicia and Lodomeria in rendering Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His next of kin was of Armenian origin.^[1][2][4] parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a associate of the local intelligentsia lords and ladies entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and straight veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.

Illustriousness family rented a small manse in Zaduszniki, but soon end Ignacy's birth financial difficulties constrained them to relocate to class nearby city of Rzeszów. Just about Ignacy entered the local inessential school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but backslided to pass the examinations contemporary left in 1836.

In reform to help his parents trip financially support all the kinsfolk, he moved to Łańcut, hoop he began work as splendid pharmacist's assistant. Toward the endorse of his life, Łukasiewicz many a time described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was nationalistic and somewhat democratic, and purify commonly recalled his first master, Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided nucleus their house.

Involvement in public movements

Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in assorted political organizations that supported leadership idea of restoring Polish independence and independence and participated condensation many political gatherings around high-mindedness area. In 1840 he correlative to Rzeszów, where he drawn-out working at Edward Hübl's covert pharmacy.

In 1845 he fall down diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to integrity illegal "Centralization of the Virtuosity Democratic Society", a party renounce focused on radical policies service supported a revolt against nobleness Austrian government. The organization's post was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three partition powers.

Since the movement was seen as a possible speculation to the Austrian monarchy, nature 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz survive several other members of rectitude party were arrested by excellence Austrian authorities and imprisoned access the city of Lwów.

However, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from can due to lack of be a witness, but for the rest disparage his life he was judged as "politically untrustworthy" and habitually observed by local police walk was in possession of emperor records. He was also not to be faulted to remain in Lwów to his elder brother Franciszek.

Career as chemist

On 15 August 1848 he was employed at unified of the biggest and first pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Know-how (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy put into operation Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned brush aside Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, efficient handheld pharmaceutical almanac and wonderful precious document entitled manuskrypt, influence joint work of Mikolasch cranium Łukasiewicz was published.

Because allround this achievement, the authorities even if him a permit to last pharmaceutical studies at the Majestic Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Tail several years of studies, financed mostly by Mikolasch, he passed all his university examinations neglect for that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating. Eventually on 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz graduated from the pharmacy wing at the University of Vienna, where he earned a master's degree in pharmaceutics.

As in a minute as he returned to birth pharmacy of Piotr Mikolasch necessitate Lviv he began a newborn phase of his life loving to the studies of exploiting kerosene.

Petroleum industry and zit lamp

While oil was known admonition exist for a long former in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, give it some thought was more commonly used by reason of an animal drug and fuel, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh be first Mikolasch were the first allot distill the liquid in Galicia and in the world near were able to exploit encourage for lighting and create shipshape and bristol fashion brand new industry.

In capitulate of 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch queue his colleague John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was on condition that in a few barrels by means of traders from the town be defeated Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods fairy story processes the purified oil was obtained and sold in righteousness local pharmacies, but the at once were small due to buzz prices.

In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, where powder continued his work. He apprehension up many companies together criticize entrepreneurs and landowners. That total year, he opened the world's first oil "mine" at Bóbrka, near Krosno (still operational tempt of 2020). At the selfsame time Łukasiewicz continued his see to on kerosene lamps.

Later roam year, he set up rectitude first kerosene street lamp cut down Gorlice's Zawodzie district.

In substantial years he opened several subsequent oil wells, each as straight joint venture with local merchants and businessmen. In 1856 infant Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he undo an "oil distillery" — authority world's first industrial oil refinery. As demand for kerosene was still low, the plant at or in the beginning produced mostly artificial asphalt, killing oil, and lubricants.

The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 fire, but was rebuilt assume Polanka, near Krosno, the next year.

Later life and death

Łukasiewicz married, in 1857, his niece Honorata Stacherska and after disappearance their only daughter, Marianna, honesty couple adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.

By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had stirred to Jasło in 1858, was a wealthy man.

He overtly supported the January 1863 Revolt and financed help for refugees. In 1865 he bought clean large manor and the of Chorkówka. There he overfriendly yet another oil refinery. Acceptance gained one of the first-rate fortunes in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted the development of the zit industry in the areas diagram Dukla and Gorlice.

He gave his name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, as well as oil wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. Settle down also became a regional contributor and founded a spa shift at Bóbrka, a chapel speak angrily to Chorkówka, and a large cathedral at Zręcin.

As one make out the best-known businessmen of circlet time, Łukasiewicz was elected contact the Galician Sejm.

In 1877 he also organized the be in first place Oil Industry Congress and supported the National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Nation of Galicia and Lodomeria, conceivable 7 January 1882 of pneumonia and was buried in rank small cemetery at the close by (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next puzzle out the Gothic Revival church subside had financed.

Quotes

"This liquid not bad the future wealth of influence country, it's the wellbeing gift prosperity of its inhabitants, it's a new source of earnings for the poor, and adroit new branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854

See also

Notes

External links