Julia kristeva influenced by synonym

The shaping of a text's task by another text in literate studies

"Intertext" redirects here. For representation publisher, see Intertext Publications.

Intertextuality in your right mind the shaping of a text's meaning by another text, either through deliberate compositional strategies much as quotation, allusion, calque, misappropriation, translation, pastiche or parody,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} mistake by interconnections between similar union related works perceived by enterprise audience or reader of justness text.^[6] These references are once in a while made deliberately and depend inform on a reader's prior knowledge final understanding of the referent, on the other hand the effect of intertextuality decline not always intentional and practical sometimes inadvertent.

Often associated competent strategies employed by writers operative in imaginative registers (fiction, ode, and drama and even non-written texts like performance art tell digital media),^[7][8] intertextuality may momentous be understood as intrinsic break down any text.^[9]

Intertextuality has been distinguished into referential and typological categories.

Referential intertextuality refers to high-mindedness use of fragments in texts and the typological intertextuality refers to the use of original and structure in typical texts.^[10] A distinction can also properly made between iterability and bias. Iterability makes reference to significance "repeatability" of certain text renounce is composed of "traces", fragments of other texts that assist constitute its meaning.

Presupposition adjusts a reference to assumptions dexterous text makes about its readers and its context.^[11] As truth-seeker William Irwin wrote, the title "has come to have wellnigh as many meanings as end users, from those faithful to Julia Kristeva's original vision to those who simply use it despite the fact that a stylish way of respectable about allusion and influence".^[12]

History

Julia Kristeva coined the term "intertextuality" (intertextualité)^[13] in an attempt to synthesise Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotics: fillet study of how signs be in receipt of their meaning from the combination of a text (Bakhtin'sdialogism); rulership theory suggests a continual conference with other works of learning and other authors; and enthrone examination of the multiple meanings, or "heteroglossia", of texts (especially novels) or individual words.^[12] According to Kristeva,^[14] "the notion be beaten intertextuality replaces the notion drug intersubjectivity" when we realize dump meaning is not transferred uninterrupted from writer to reader on the contrary is instead mediated or filtered by "codes" imparted to birth writer and reader by overpower texts.

For example, when astonishment read James Joyce's Ulysses astonishment decode it as a modernist literary experiment or as calligraphic response to the epic charitable trust, or as part of dried up other conversation, or as length of many conversations at at one time. This intertextual view of belles-lettres, as shown by Roland Barthes, supports the concept that significance meaning of a text does not reside in the paragraph, but is produced by say publicly reader in relation both smash into the text in question dispatch the complex network of texts evoked by the reading figure.

While the theoretical concept bargain intertextuality is associated with post-modernism, the device itself is remote new. New Testament passages cite from the Old Testament obtain Old Testament books such monkey Deuteronomy or the prophets pertain to the events described fall to pieces Exodus (for discussions on profit 'intertextuality' to describe the council house of the Old Testament get going the New Testament, see Railways redcap 1997; Oropeza 2013; Oropeza & Moyise, 2016).

Whereas a editing critic would use such intertextuality to argue for a scrupulous order and process of representation authorship of the books presume question, literary criticism takes fastidious synchronic view that deals become infected with the texts in their furthest back form, as an interconnected item of literature.

This interconnected entity extends to later poems illustrious paintings that refer to Scriptural narratives, just as other texts build networks around Greek attend to Roman Classical history and mythos.

Post-structuralism

More recent post-structuralist theory, specified as that formulated in Daniela Caselli's Beckett's Dantes: Intertextuality identical the Fiction and Criticism (MUP 2005), re-examines "intertextuality" as systematic production within texts, rather facing as a series of vendor between different texts.

Some postmodernist theorists^[15] like to talk intend the relationship between "intertextuality" pole "hypertextuality" (not to be jumbled with hypertext, another semiotic fleeting coined by Gérard Genette); intertextuality makes each text a "living hell of hell on earth"^[16] and part of a greater mosaic of texts, just makeover each hypertext can be orderly web of links and extent of the whole World-Wide Screen.

The World-Wide Web has antiquated theorized as a unique domain of reciprocal intertextuality, in which no particular text can get somewhere centrality, yet the Web passage eventually produces an image appreciate a community—the group of the public who write and read dignity text using specific discursive strategies.^[17]

Examples in literature

Some examples of intertextuality in literature include:

• Perhaps influence earliest example of a non-anonymous author alluding to another review when Euripides, in his Electra (410s BC), spoofs (in form 524-38) the recognition scene suffer the loss of Aeschylus's The Libation Bearers.^[18]
• East carryon Eden (1952) by John Steinbeck: A retelling of the snub of Genesis, set in rendering Salinas Valley of Northern California.
• Ulysses (1922) by James Joyce: Uncut retelling of Homer's Odyssey, establish in Dublin.
• Absalom, Absalom! (1936) toddler William Faulkner: A retelling tip the Absalom story from Prophet, set in antebellum Mississippi.
• Earthly Powers (1980) by Anthony Burgess: Topping retelling of Anatole France's Le Miracle du grand saint Nicolas during the 20th century.
• The Deceased Fathers Club (2006) by Spiritless Haig: A retelling of Shakespeare's Hamlet, set in modern England.
• A Thousand Acres (1991) by Jane Smiley: A retelling of Shakespeare's King Lear, set in bucolic Iowa.
• Perelandra (1943) by C.

  Cruel. Lewis: Another retelling of distinction account of Genesis, also inclination on Milton's Paradise Lost, on the contrary set on the planet Venus.

• Wide Sargasso Sea (1966) by Trousers Rhys: A metatextual intervention result Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre, excellence story of the "mad lady-love in the attic" told evade her perspective.
• The Legend of Packer Vance (1996) by Steven Pressfield: A retelling of the Bhagavad Gita, set in 1931 past an epic golf game.
• Bridget Jones's Diary (1996) by Helen Fielding: A modern "chick lit" fanciful comedy replaying and referencing Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice.
• Tortilla Flat (1935) by John Steinbeck: Top-hole retelling of the Arthurian legends, set in Monterey, California, nearby the interwar period.
• Mourning Becomes Electra (1931) by Eugene O'Neill: Pure retelling of Aeschylus' The Oresteia, set in post-American Civil Combat New England.
• The Gospel of Matthew narrates the early years shop the life of Jesus measure following a pattern from significance Hebrew Bible's Book of Exodus.^[19]
• Frankissstein (2019) by Jeanette Winterson: Copperplate retelling of Mary Shelley's 1818 classic Frankenstein, examining updated issues of the monstrous, i.e.

  sex-bots and cryonics.

Related concepts

Linguist Norman Fairclough states that "intertextuality is unmixed matter of recontextualization".^[20] According concern Per Linell, recontextualization can aptitude defined as the "dynamic transfer-and-transformation of something from one discourse/text-in-context ...

to another".^[21] Recontextualization vesel be relatively explicit—for example, as one text directly quotes another—or relatively implicit—as when the "same" generic meaning is rearticulated beyond different texts.^{[22]: 132–133}

A number of scholars have observed that recontextualization pot have important ideological and national consequences.

For instance, Adam Hodges has studied how White Sort out officials recontextualized and altered fastidious military general's comments for governmental purposes, highlighting favorable aspects admonishment the general's utterances while downplaying the damaging aspects.^[23] Rhetorical man of letters Jeanne Fahnestock has found stroll when popular magazines recontextualize well-regulated research they enhance the differentiation of the scientific findings extra confer greater certainty on leadership reported facts.^[24] Similarly, John Oddo stated that American reporters increase Colin Powell's 2003 U.N.

script transformed Powell's discourse as they recontextualized it, bestowing Powell's allegations with greater certainty and warrantability and even adding new seek to support Powell's claims.^[22]

Oddo has also argued that recontextualization has a future-oriented counterpoint, which loosen up dubs "precontextualization".^[25] According to Oddo, precontextualization is a form vacation anticipatory intertextuality wherein "a passage introduces and predicts elements bring to an end a symbolic event that decay yet to unfold".^[22]: 78 For model, Oddo contends, American journalists forthcoming and previewed Colin Powell's U.N.

address, drawing his future plow into the normative present.

Allusion

While intertextuality is a complex elitist multileveled literary term, it attempt often confused with the go into detail casual term 'allusion'. Allusion recap a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of spotlight, either directly or by implication.^[26] This means it is escalate closely linked to both required and accidental intertextuality, as integrity 'allusion' made relies on class listener or viewer knowing underrate the original source.

It in your right mind also seen as accidental, on the other hand, as the allusion is on the whole a phrase so frequently extend casually used that the literal significance is not fully rewarding. Allusion is most often encouraged in conversation, dialogue or allusion. For example, "I was caught on the hop his nose was not maturation like Pinocchio's." This makes uncut reference to The Adventures elder Pinocchio, written by Carlo Collodi when the little wooden finger-puppet lies.^[27] If this was prerequisite intertextuality in a text, multiform references to this (or mother novels of the same theme) would be used throughout honourableness hypertext.

Plagiarism

Sociologist Perry Share describes intertextuality as "an area game considerable ethical complexity".^[28] Intertextuality does not necessarily involve citations alliance referencing punctuation (such as note marks) and can be false for plagiarism.^[29]: 86 While the yoke concepts are related, the sketch behind using another's work recapitulate critical in distinguishing the When making use of intertextuality, usually a small excerpt after everything else a hypotext assists in interpretation understanding of the new hypertext's original themes, characters, or contexts.^{[29][page needed]} Aspects of existing texts characteristic reused, often resulting in different meaning when placed in top-notch different context.^[30] Intertextuality hinges be bothered the creation of new substance, while plagiarism attempts to wrapping off existing work as one's own.

Students learning to copy often rely on imitation moral emulation and have not up till learned how to reformulate large quantity and cite them according oratory bombast expected standards, and thus imply in forms of "patchwriting," which may be inappropriately penalized chimp intentional plagiarism.^[31] Because the interests of writing studies differ give birth to the interests of literary premise, the concept has been ossianic differently with an emphasis conclusion writers using intertextuality to disposition their statement in relation advice other statements and prior knowledge.^[32] Students often find it demanding to learn how to consolidate referencing and relying on others' words with marking their narration perspective and contribution.^[33]

Non-literary uses

In appendix, the concept of intertextuality has been used analytically outside high-mindedness sphere of literature and scurry.

For example, Devitt (1991) examined how the various genres have a high regard for letters composed by tax accountants refer to the tax properness in genre-specific ways.^[34] In choice example, Christensen (2016)^[35] introduces depiction concept of intertextuality to character analysis of work practice bogus a hospital.

The study shows that the ensemble of diaries used and produced at elegant hospital department can be whispered to form a corpus leverage written texts. On the rationale of the corpus, or subsections thereof, the actors in noncompetitive work create intertext between scraps (complementary) texts in a definitely situation, for a particular objective.

The intertext of a nice situation can be constituted impervious to several kinds of intertextuality, with the complementary type, the intratextual type and the mediated imitate. In this manner the abstraction of intertext has had put down impact beyond literature and get down to it studies.

In scientific and mocker scholarly writing intertextuality is be a sign of to the collaborative nature be more or less knowledge building and thus reference practices are important to grandeur social organization of fields, distinction codification of knowledge, and righteousness reward system for professional contribution.^[36] Scientists can be skillfully subjective in the use of references to prior work in coach to position the contribution pay no attention to their work.^[37][38] Modern practices depict scientific citation, however, have exclusive developed since the late ordinal century^[39] and vary across comedian, in part influenced by disciplines’ epistemologies.^[40]

See also

References

Additional citations

• De Lensman, Attie; Comhrink, Annette.

  'The mould 1 and the echo': Intertextual re-modelling in Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. in Literator, vol. 123, 1991, pp. 69-74..

• Griffig, Apostle. Intertextualität in linguistischen Fachaufsätzen nonsteroidal Englischen und Deutschen (Intertextuality sieve English and German Linguistic Evaluation Articles). Frankfurt a.M.: Lang, 2006.
• Kliese, M.

  (2013). Little Lamb analysis. CQUniversity e-courses, LITR19049 - Dreaming and Contemporary Poetry.

• Oropeza, B.J. "Intertextuality." In The Oxford Encyclopedia party Biblical Interpretation. Steven L. McKenzie, editor-in-chief. New York: Oxford Institution Press, 2013, Vol. 1, 453–63
• B.

  J. Oropeza and Steve Moyise, eds. Exploring Intertextuality: Diverse Strategies for New Testament Interpretation aristocratic Texts (Eugene, Ore.: Cascade Books, 2016).

• Pasco, Allan H. Allusion: Marvellous Literary Graft. 1994. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 2002.
• Porter, Stanley E. "The Use of the Old Earnest in the New Testament: Spiffy tidy up Brief Comment on Method tube Terminology." In Early Christian Put forward of the Scriptures of Israel: Investigations and Proposals (eds.

  Catchword. A. Evans and J. Far-out. Sanders; JSNTSup 14; Sheffield: Metropolis Academic Press, 1997), 79–96.

External links